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"Java?????" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2008-03-12 23:14:10

就是如何检测Java的内存泄漏。目前，我们通常使用一些工具来检查Java程序的内存泄漏问题。市场上已有几种专业检查Java内存泄漏的工具，它们的基本工作原理大同小异，都是通过监测Java程序运行时，所有对象的申请、释放等动作，将内存管理的所有信息进行统计、分析、可视化。开发人员将根据这些信息判断程序是否有内存泄漏问题。这些工具包括OptimizeitProfiler，JProbe Profiler，JinSight. Rational公司的Purify等。 OptimizeitProfiler版本4.11支持Application，Applet，Servlet和RomoteApplication四类应用，并且可以支持大多数类型的JVM，包括SUNJDK系列，IBM的JDK系列，和Jbuilder的JVM等。并且，该软件是由Java编写，因此它支持多种操作系统。Optimizeit系列还包括ThreadDebugger和CodeCoverage两个工具，分别用于监测运行时的线程状态和代码覆盖面。 当设置好所有的参数了，我们就可以在OptimizeIt环境下运行被测程序，在程序运行过程中，Optimizeit可以监视内存的使用曲线，包括JVM申请的堆(heap)的大小，和实际使用的内存大小。另外，在运行过程中，我们可以随时暂停程序的运行，甚至强行调用GC，让GC进行内存回收。通过内存使用曲线，我们可以整体了解程序使用内存的情况。这种监测对于长期运行的应用程序非常有必要，也很容易发现内存泄露。

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http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ee88bf001000bal.html

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"Java?????" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2008-03-12 23:14:03

就是如何检测Java的内存泄漏。目前，我们通常使用一些工具来检查Java程序的内存泄漏问题。市场上已有几种专业检查Java内存泄漏的工具，它们的基本工作原理大同小异，都是通过监测Java程序运行时，所有对象的申请、释放等动作，将内存管理的所有信息进行统计、分析、可视化。开发人员将根据这些信息判断程序是否有内存泄漏问题。这些工具包括OptimizeitProfiler，JProbe Profiler，JinSight. Rational公司的Purify等。 OptimizeitProfiler版本4.11支持Application，Applet，Servlet和RomoteApplication四类应用，并且可以支持大多数类型的JVM，包括SUNJDK系列，IBM的JDK系列，和Jbuilder的JVM等。并且，该软件是由Java编写，因此它支持多种操作系统。Optimizeit系列还包括ThreadDebugger和CodeCoverage两个工具，分别用于监测运行时的线程状态和代码覆盖面。 当设置好所有的参数了，我们就可以在OptimizeIt环境下运行被测程序，在程序运行过程中，Optimizeit可以监视内存的使用曲线，包括JVM申请的堆(heap)的大小，和实际使用的内存大小。另外，在运行过程中，我们可以随时暂停程序的运行，甚至强行调用GC，让GC进行内存回收。通过内存使用曲线，我们可以整体了解程序使用内存的情况。这种监测对于长期运行的应用程序非常有必要，也很容易发现内存泄露。

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http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ee88bf001000bal.html

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"TCS plots high end services push" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2007-11-09 17:20:37

The Ganges that held India's heart captive and has drawn uncounted millions to her banks since the begin of history. Indian IT services firm Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is set to deepen its drive into the IT consultancy merchandise with the launch next month of a new services programme designed to back up firms optimise their entire IT ecosystem. The affiliate said the new OptimizeIT service had been piloted for over a year with existing customers and provided IT departments with consultancy services for benchmarking their current operations identifying "opportunities for improvement" and developing strategies for meeting these goals. ‘‘The Blessed Lord said: Time I am destroyer of the worlds and I undergo go to act all people. With the exception of you all the soldiers here on both sides ordain be slain.’’ :Bhagvad Gita 11:32

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"weblogic????????" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2007-11-03 13:51:41

WebLogic Server HangԭһΪϵͳڴ治ϵͳcpuæϵͳļĿ߳JVMGCbugһЩضʹbindϵͳзϵͳڴ治OutOfMemoryErrorǹ۲쵽ڴԽϵͳʣڴͨtopvmstat۲ϵͳchangeSwap̫Сܵ±jspʱNot enough spaceĴϵͳkernelmaxdsizĴС۲⵽ݿӳй©ڴй©ϵͳڴ治JVMheapСͨjavaе-Xms,-XmxָСֵֵһͨweblogic consoleserver/observe/performance۲ʹϵͳ256Mһ¿Ϊϵͳʣڴ80give coat̫һЩjvmϻsunhpjvmpermanent coat̫СҲOutOfMemoryErrorjavaϼ-XX:MaxPermSize=128mϵͳڴ治㾡ڴSessionвҪŴݣڲҪʱshiftԵsession timeoutСֵJ2EE serverӦߵawt/displaceͼejbcache/poolϵͳڴ治ڴй©ͨweblogic console۲jvmheap memoryʹ֪Ƿڴй©õȡϸϢJprobe/OptimizeItпweblogicbug󲿷ûӦĴݿûرձȽϺõдǣConnection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rset= null;try{channelise = getConnection()}surprise(SQLException sqle){}finally{try{rset close();}surprise(Exception e){}try{stmt change state();}catch(Exception e){}try{channelise close();}surprise(Exception e){}}ϵͳcpuæûܴcpuռúܸߣuser̬쳣kernel̬ܶ࣬ҪOS̵ϵͳtopҵռcpuܶĽǷweblogic̣ӦÿǽƵserverweblogicjavạͨgo cast asideϸϢ߻ܵȷǶδ뵼ôߵcpuʹãҲпos/jvmϵͳļĿLogСtoo many open filesĴʾﵽϵͳһͬʱ򿪵ļulimit Ca CH Բ鿴ǰulimit Cn numberĵǰã赽4096SolarisϿͨ/usr/proc/bin/pfiles pid鿴̵ָƺ͵ǰʹõfile descriptorĿSolarisrootûͨ/usr/proc/bin/plimit -n soft,hard pid ̬Ľ̵ļ ߳ԭhangӦķǻȡthread cast asideϢwindowsϵͳjavaĴڰCtrlendunixϵͳpsҵweblogicjava̵pidȻִkill C3 pidJVMjava̵״ִ̬жջdump׼Ϊ˷ȡthread cast asideϢweblogicʱý׼ضһļΪ˷ӳ߳״̬Ķ̬仯Ҫgo dumpÿμ10-20s߳go dumpϢҪע̵߳״ִ̬жջ̵߳״̬һΪRunnableRǰе߳Waiting on monitorCW߳waitWaiting for monitor entryMW̵߳һעĶǵһ͵״̬߳Cpuæעrunnable߳Cpuעwaiting for monitor entry߳һֵ͵serverӦãservletͬһweblogicʵserveԴ취ǽservletŵִжȥִJVMGCbugjvmgc logjavaϼ-verbose:gcGClogjava̵ı׼hpjvmϣͨjavaϼ-Xverbosegc:register=gcfilenamegc logдָļƣ[GC 15639K->13700K(65280K). 0.0068439 secs]jvmڴúgc㷨jvmos patchmit Cn numberĵǰã赽4096SolarisϿͨ/usr/proc/bin/pfiles pid鿴̵ָƺ͵ǰʹõregister descriptorĿSolarisrootûͨ/usr/proc/bin/plimit -n soft,hard pid ̬Ľ̵ļ ߳ԭfastenӦķǻȡthread cast asideϢwindowsϵͳjavaĴڰCtrlBreakunixϵͳpsҵweblogicjava̵pidȻִblackball C3 pidJVMjava̵

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"weblogic????????" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2007-11-03 13:51:41

WebLogic Server HangԭһΪϵͳڴ治ϵͳcpuæϵͳļĿ߳JVMGCbugһЩضʹtrussϵͳзϵͳڴ治OutOfMemoryErrorǹ۲쵽ڴԽϵͳʣڴͨtopvmstat۲ϵͳchangeSwap̫Сܵ±jspʱNot enough spaceĴϵͳkernelmaxdsizĴС۲⵽ݿӳй©ڴй©ϵͳڴ治JVMheapСͨjavaе-Xms,-XmxָСֵֵһͨweblogic consoleserver/monitor/performance۲ʹϵͳ256Mһ¿Ϊϵͳʣڴ80give coat̫һЩjvmϻsunhpjvmpermanent size̫СҲOutOfMemoryErrorjavaϼ-XX:MaxPermSize=128mϵͳڴ治㾡ڴSessionвҪŴݣڲҪʱremoveԵsession timeoutСֵJ2EE serverӦߵawt/swingͼejblay aside/poolϵͳڴ治ڴй©ͨweblogic console۲jvmheap memoryʹ֪Ƿڴй©õȡϸϢJprobe/OptimizeItпweblogicbug󲿷ûӦĴݿûرձȽϺõдǣConnection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rset= null;try{channelise = getConnection()}catch(SQLException sqle){}finally{try{rset change state();}catch(Exception e){}try{stmt close();}surprise(Exception e){}try{channelise close();}catch(Exception e){}}ϵͳcpuæûܴcpuռúܸߣuser̬쳣kernel̬ܶ࣬ҪOS̵ϵͳtopҵռcpuܶĽǷweblogic̣ӦÿǽƵserverweblogicjavạͨthread dumpϸϢ߻ܵȷǶδ뵼ôߵcpuʹãҲпos/jvmϵͳļĿLogСtoo many open filesĴʾﵽϵͳһͬʱ򿪵ļulimit Ca CH Բ鿴ǰulimit Cn beĵǰã赽4096SolarisϿͨ/usr/proc/bin/pfiles pid鿴̵ָƺ͵ǰʹõfile descriptorĿSolarisrootûͨ/usr/proc/bin/plimit -n soft,hard pid ̬Ľ̵ļ ߳ԭhangӦķǻȡthread dumpϢwindowsϵͳjavaĴڰCtrlendunixϵͳpsҵweblogicjava̵pidȻִkill C3 pidJVMjava̵״ִ̬жջcast aside׼Ϊ˷ȡgo cast asideϢweblogicʱý׼ضһļΪ˷ӳ߳״̬Ķ̬仯Ҫgo dumpÿμ10-20s߳thread cast asideϢҪע̵߳״ִ̬жջ̵߳״̬һΪRunnableRǰе߳Waiting on monitorCW߳waitWaiting for monitor entryMW̵߳һעĶǵһ͵״̬߳Cpuæעrunnable߳Cpuעwaiting for monitor entry߳һֵ͵serverӦãservletͬһweblogicʵanswerԴ취ǽservletŵִжȥִJVMGCbugjvmgc logjavaϼ-verbose:gcGClogjava̵ı׼hpjvmϣͨjavaϼ-Xverbosegc:register=gcfilenamegc logдָļƣ[GC 15639K->13700K(65280K). 0.0068439 secs]jvmڴúgc㷨jvmos patchmit Cn beĵǰã赽4096SolarisϿͨ/usr/proc/bin/pfiles pid鿴̵ָƺ͵ǰʹõfile descriptorĿSolarisrootûͨ/usr/proc/bin/plimit -n soft,hard pid ̬Ľ̵ļ ߳ԭhangӦķǻȡthread dumpϢwindowsϵͳjavaĴڰCtrlBreakunixϵͳpsҵweblogicjava̵pidȻִblackball C3 pidJVMjava̵

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http://www.3qblog.com/oblog312/user1/E_wsq/archives/2007/4567.html

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"???????? ?????????? Borland" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2007-10-28 11:49:40

: : 12 : 204210 : 11.08.2007 : : 6000 : 1 : : 2609 : 380 : 11.04.2005 : At World's End... : : 889 : : 12 : 204210 : 11.08.2007 : : 6000 : 1 borland developer architect. 2006. . . . . : : 3 : 190409 : 15.06.2007 : : : : : 1 : 208498 : 29.08.2007 : : : OptimizeIt ? . . ! . : : 1 : 210101 : 4.09.2007 : : : : : 1 : 217325 : 11.10.2007 : : : ++ Builder 6. - . - ...... telecommunicate . . telecommunicate . . .

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"???????? ?????????? Borland" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2007-10-28 11:49:39

: : 12 : 204210 : 11.08.2007 : : 6000 : 1 : : 2609 : 380 : 11.04.2005 : At World's End... : : 889 : : 12 : 204210 : 11.08.2007 : : 6000 : 1 borland developer architect. 2006. . . . . : : 3 : 190409 : 15.06.2007 : : : : : 1 : 208498 : 29.08.2007 : : : OptimizeIt ? . . ! . : : 1 : 210101 : 4.09.2007 : : : : : 1 : 217325 : 11.10.2007 : : : ++ Builder 6. - . - ...... e-mail . . e-mail . . .

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http://soft-best.ws/forum/index.php?act=ST&f=62&t=6384&hl=&view=findpost&p=167653

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"BEA WebLogic???J2EE????????" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2007-10-10 16:13:30

һ Ӧó1.1.1 ͨô1.1.2 СûбҪIJĴǸܰĹ,ӦٶĴ,Ҫʱ, ʼ,Ҫظʼһ,ʹ,nullռʵCloneableӿ,ͬʱùģʽ,Ĵ,ÿζͨclone()öʹýӿҲܼĴڳԱijʼҲӦ. رһһʱ쳣׳ܲ׳쳣ҪһµĶThrowableӿڵĹ캯Ϊ fillInStackTrace()ıأNativefillInStackTrace()ջռøϢֻҪ쳣׳VMͱöջΪڴдһµĶ 쳣ֻڴӦƳ̡. رcorrect,ôлͬͺʱķ(Date())1.1.3 ʹúʵ͡ԭʼͲҪʱ,ʹø͡StringStringBufferԲ˵,ʹ,漰ַʱ,ǿҽʹStringBufferarrangeƥʱʹintern()equal()finalηDz. ָһΪfinalеķfinalJavaѰһеfinal,⽫ܹʹƽ50%ԺͷʽʹfinalstaticηҲкôġ÷ʱݵIJԼڵдʱջladeУٶȽϿ졣ԾʹþֲArrayListVector,HashMapHashtableǾõ,ǰ߲֧ͬ,֧ͬ,ǰܸ,ѡǰߡ1.1.4 ʹpool,buffercacheʹsharemodifycacheܴϵͳ,J2EEĴ󲿷ּжõġWebLogicоʹʹ˳:JDBC Connection PoolSocket PoolObject PoolThread shareI/O,bufferDZ,رǶԴļIJ,Ȼڴֽڲ,Ծܲcreate verbally(byte[])Buffered FileOutputStreamBuffered FileWriterҪ,ΪFileWriterҪUnicodeByteת潲JDBCJSPEJBJMSǶdzʹbuffercacheΪHttpServletResponsebuffersize,ʹwl-cache,JNDIϻȡĶȵȡ,ʹJDK 1.4ķI/OҲкܴߡ 1.2 JDBC1.2.1 ϸԴʹáJDBCԭʹWebLogicӳ,Լֱݿ⡣ҽӴĺܶԼʵӳصĿ,󲿷й©⣬ò޸Ĵ롣WebLogicṩ˹ǿõݿӳأҪֻǷװһӹ࣬JNDIϻȡԴ棬õӣṩһϵйرݿԴķκԴʹõԭ꼴أݿԴĻļݿԴй©ڴй©ϵͳʹݿԴιرResultSetStatementConnectionһݿӶνݿʱҪرעResultSetStatementιرաtry{//open connectionpstmt =conn prepareStatement(strSql1);pstmt executeUpdate();pstmt change state();pstmt =conn prepareStatement(strSql2);rs=pstmt executeQuery();while (rs next()){//affect}rs close();pstmt change state();}catch(Exception e){//change state rs,psmt,con}finally{//change state rs,psmt,con}1.2.2 ʵüɡJDBCлһЩСļɸҷڻȡʱĬԶύʽʹconnection setAutoCommit(false)رԶύʹPreparedStatement,,ҵӻߴʱʹô洢̣ʹRowSetü¼ȡFetchSizeü¼ȡFetchDirectionҲһߡ1.2.3 ŻSQL䡡SQLŻǣ浽ܶݿ֪ʶҪϣҪDBAԴеSQLмԡģselect *ᳫʹãЧʼʽȡУʹֶҲӦУȡʱʹcount(*),ΪcacheʣSQLáڴIJѯԳOracleݿԣÿȡm-nеݣʵַҳѯ⣬ܵĺѡܾǰеַݶΪUnicodeJavaUnicodeʽݣˣݿ򲻱ִת̡1.3 Web1.3.1 HttpSessionʹáӦ÷ܶỰʱڴ治㣬ԾsessionʹãsessionĶӦǴǼСʵִлӿڡỰҪʱӦʱcancel()ỰijҪʱʱremoveAttribute()EJBsessionС1.3.2 JSPšĿǰJSPҳⲿԴķҪ֣considerָԼinclude includeָ<%@ consider register="copyright html" %>ָڱʱָԴڱ֮ǰconsiderָҳָԴϲһļõⲿԴڱʱȷʱȷԴЧconsider<jsp:consider summon="copyright jsp" />öָҳִкɵĽʱɣ˶ĿƸǣֻеõƵظıʱڶҳûг֮ǰõҳ޷ȷʱʹincludeź㡣 ЩٻỰ״̬jspرԶĻỰԽʡһЩԴʹpageָ <%@ page session="false"%> ;ҪJSPҳ涨Ϊ̣߳ӦΪ<%@page isThreadSafe=adjust%>;JSPҳʹ湦ܣ: <%@summon modify="32kb"%>;wl:cacheƱ澲̬Ծ̬ݣjsp:includeĽӦóܡ1.3.3 ServletšServletűȽϼ򵥣Servlet֮תʱforwardsendRedirectЧHttpServletResponse 磺response setBufferSize(20000);init()ﻺ澲̬ݣdestroy()ͷServletʹServletOutputStreamͼƬȶ󣻱ServletJspжȡ1.4 JMS1.4.1 עҪʹòҪJMSṩǿϢƣΪ޶ȵJMSϵͳܣӦʹòҪʹõͬʱҲҪעҪ磺ʹýճֱʹõ򵥡СϢͣϢѡҪܼ(òʹ)ҪʹøӵIJlikeinbetween,ʹַ͵ٶ;ΪضӦóضJMSӹҽĬϵJMSӹҪjavax.*weblogic.*ֿռʹJNDIƣʹ첽ߣ̲߳طԵȴϢĵ;ʹJNDIϵԴעرա1.4.2 Ϣ͵ѡ񡡡׼JMSṩϢͣTextMessageӦΪձ. ͵ϢǼԭʼ͵ļʱʹMapMessageϢͣҪʹObjectMessageԱٲͬϵͳϡϢǷʹѹҪؿǣѹδܼϢСߡߺĿĵزͬһWebLogic ServerڲͨʹѹWebLogicеXMLMessageΪϢ֮ϵϢѡṩǶʽ֧֣ݽˣӦó֮䴫ϢʹXMLϢʽӦóڲ䴫ϢʹöϢʽ1.4.3 ȷϷʽѡJMS񡡡ʹԻỰʱ,ʹǡϢȷϷʽ:,ʹNO_ACKKNOWLEDGE;dz־õĶʹDUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGEMULTICAST_NO_ACKNOWLEDGEʹJTAUserTransactionȷϷʽԡʹJMSʱЧϢᵼĻعϢطѭʱԽЧϢ͵ϢУύJMS⽫ȷϢٴδݡ1.5 EJB1.5.1 ЧʹģʽGoF ġģʽΪʵָܡչJ2EEӦṩ۱Ϻͼ֧֡EJBΪJ2EEĺͼģʽϵͳӰܴService Locator Value Object ΪϤFloyd MarinescuġEJB Design PatternsеSession Fa?adecommunicate Fa?adeEJB CommandData assign ObjectģʽΪṩƵ䷶EJBHomeķʣʹģʽ¶Entity BeanSession BeanװEntity hit첽MDBSession Beanװҵ߼JavaBeanУʹֵȼ򵥶󴫵;ֱʹget/setEntity hitȻʹģʽǣǿģʽҲDzᳫģܵԭǼĽ1.5.2 ʹEJBWebLogicԡʹEJBWebLogicܡEJB2.0صļУһApplicationʹñؽӿڣEntity.

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"????????" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2007-10-06 08:11:52

随着软件测试的地位逐步提高，测试的重要性逐步显现，测试工具的应用已经成为了普遍的趋势。目前用于测试的工具已经比较多了，这些测试工具一般可分为白盒测试工具、黑盒测试工具、性能测试工具，另外还有用于测试管理（测试流程管理、缺陷跟踪管理、测试用例管理）的工具。      总的来说，测试工具的应用可以提高测试的质量、测试的效率。但是在选择和使用测试工具的时候，我们也应该看到，在测试过程中，并不是所有的测试工具都适合我们使用，同时，有了测试工具、会使用测试工具并不等于测试工具真正能在测试中发挥作用。      jtest是parasoft公司推出的一款针对java语言的自动化白盒测试工具,它通过自动实现java的单元测试和代码标准校验,来提高代码的可靠性。Jtest先分析每个java类，然后自动生成junit测试用例并执行用例，从而实现代码的最大覆盖，并将代码运行时未处理的异常暴露出来；另外，它还可以检查以DbC（Design by assure）规范开发的代码的正确性。用户还可以通过扩展测试用例的自动生成器来添加更多的junit用例。Jtest还能按照现有的超过350个编码标准来检查并自动纠正大多数常见的编码规则上的偏差，用户可自定义这些标准，通过简单的几个点击，就能预防类似于未处理异常、函数错误、内存泄漏、性能问题、安全隐患这样的代码问题。      2.2)使用方便。在你提升程序代码的品质时JUnit测试仍允许你更快速的撰写程序      那听起来似乎不是很直觉，但那是事实。当你使用JUnit撰写测试，你将花更少的时间除虫，同时对你程序代码的改变更俱有信心。这个信心让你更积极重整程序代码并增加新的功能。没有测试，对于重整及增加新功能你会变得没有信心；因为你不知道有甚么东西会破坏产出的结果。采用一个综合的测试系列，你可以在改变程序代码之后快速的执行多个测试并对于你的变动并未破坏任何东西感到有信心。在执行测试时如果发现臭虫，原始码仍然清楚的在你脑中，因此很容易找到臭虫。在JUnit中撰写的测试帮助你以一种极大(extreme)的步伐撰写程序及快速的找出缺点。2.3)JUnit非常简单撰写测试应该很简单--这是重点！如果撰写测试太复杂或太耗时间，便无法要求程序设计师撰写测试。使用JUnit你可以快速的撰写测试并检测你的程序代码并逐步随着程序代码的成长增加测试。只要你写了一些测试，你想要快速并频繁的执行测试而不至于中断建立设计及开发程序。使用JUnit执行测试就像编译你的程序代码那么容易。事实上，你应该执行编译时也执行测试。编译是检测程序代码的语法而测试是检查程序代码的完整性(integrity)。      2.4)JUnit测试检验其结果并提供立即的回馈。如果你是以人工比对测试的期望与实际结果那么测试是很不好玩的，而且让你的速度慢下来。JUnit测试可以自动执行并且检查他们自己的结果。当你执行测试，你获得简单且立即的回馈； 比如测试是通过或失败。而不再需要人工检查测试结果的报告。      2.5)JUnit测试可以合成一个测试系列的层级架构。 JUnit可以把测试组织成测试系列；这个测试系列可以包含其它的测试或测试系列。JUnit测试的合成行为允许你组合多个测试并自动的回归 (regression)从头到尾测试整个测试系列。你也可以执行测试系列层级架构中任何一层的测试。      2.6)撰写JUnit测试所费不多。使用Junit测试框架，你可以很便宜的撰写测试并享受由测试框架所提供的信心。撰写一个测试就像写一个方法一样简单；测试是检验要测试的程序代码并定义期望的结果。这个测试框架提供自动执行测试的背景；这个背景并成为其它测试集合的一部份。在测试少量的投资将持续让你从时间及品质中获得回收。      2.7)JUnit测试提升软件的稳定性。你写的测试愈少；你的程序代码变的愈不稳定。测试使得软件稳定并逐步累积信心；因为任何变动不会造成涟漪效应而漫及整个软件。测试可以形成软件的完整结构的胶结。2.8)JUnit测试是开发者测试。 JUnit测试是高度区域性(localized)测试；用以改善开发者的生产力及程序代码品质。不像功能测试(answer evaluate)视系统为一个黑箱以确认软件整体的工作性为主，单元测试是由内而外测试系统基础的建构区块。开发者撰写并拥有JUnit测试。每当一个开发反复 (iteration)完成，这个测试便包裹成为交付软件的一部份提供一种沟通的方式，「这是我交付的软件并且是通过测试的。      2.9)JUnit测试是以Java写成的。使用Java测试Java软件形成一个介于测试及程序代码间的无缝(seamless)边界。在测试的控制下测试变成整个软件的扩充同时程序代码可以被重整。Java编译器的单元测试静态语法检查可已帮助测试程序并且确认遵守软件接口的约定。      一段测试的程序代码无法单独的执行，它需要是执行环境的一部份。同时，它需要自动执行的单元测试--譬如在系统中周期性的执行所有的测试以证明没有任何东西被破坏。由于单元测试需要符合特定的准则：一个成功的测试不应该是人工检查的（那可要到天荒地老了啊），一个未通过测试的失败应可以产出文件以供诊断修改。而Junit可以提供给我们这些便利.。这样所有测试开发者所需撰写的只是测试码本身了。跟optimizeit、Jtest那些昂贵而又超级麻烦的 tool比较起来，其利昭然可见！      Mercury Interactive公司的WinRunner是一种企业级的功能测试工具，用于检测应用程序是否能够达到预期的功能及正常运行。通过自动录制、检测和回放用户的应用操作，WinRunner能够有效地帮助测试人员对复杂的企业级应用的不同发布版进行测试，提高测试人员的工作效率和质量，确保跨平台的、复杂的企业级应用无故障发布及长期稳定运行。      企业级应用可能包括Web应用系统，ERP系统，CRM系统等等。这些系统在发布之前，升级之后都要经过测试，确保所有功能都能正常运行，没有任何错误。如何有效地测试不断升级更新且不同环境的应用系统，是每个公司都会面临的问题。      如果时间或资源有限，这个问题会更加棘手。人工测试的工作量太大，还要额外的时间来培训新的测试人员等等。为了确保那些复杂的企业级应用在不同环境下都能正常可靠地运行，你需要一个能简单操作的测试工具来自动完成应用程序的功能性测试。      用WinRuuner创建一个测试，只需点击鼠标和键盘，完成一个标准的业务操作流程，WinRunner自动记录你的操作并生成所需的脚本代码。这样，即使计算机技术知识有限的业务用户轻松创建完整的测试。你还可以直接修改测试脚本以满足各种复杂测试的需求。WinRunner提供这两种测试创建方式，满足测试团队中业务用户和专业技术人员的不同需求。.

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"????? - ???????" posted by ~Ray
Posted on 2007-10-02 21:22:15

В пятницу. 31 августа. на сайте CodeGear появились ссылки на полнофункциональную версию RAD Studio 2007. Продукт анонсировался под рабочим названием Highlander. Однако. через несколько часов ссылки были сняты с сайта компании. Тем не менее. они продолжали работать.В чем причина удаления ссылок со страницы CodeGear и. действительно-ли это релиз Highlander- неизвестно. Возможно. как это не раз бывало ранее. сервера компании просто не выдержали нагрузку. 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